Aim and background: Orthodontic treatment has garnered significant scholarly attention over the past decade, likely driven by growing global awareness of malocclusion and the corresponding increase in demand for orthodontic interventions. Despite the rising popularity and demand for such treatments, there remains a lack of clarity regarding treatment outcomes and the psychological impact on patients, particularly within the Ghanaian population. The study investigated the association among fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT), self-esteem, and quality-of-life (QoL) as well as the extent to which malocclusion severity and sociodemographic factors contribute to the variations in self-esteem and QoL among patients. Materials and methods: A total of 112 participants (56 FOT-treated and 56 FOT-untreated) aged between 18 and 52 years were selected from 3 different dental practices through multistage sampling techniques. Participants completed a questionnaire that contained sociodemographic information and a battery of standardized psychological scales that measure self-esteem and QoL. A clinical assessment was undertaken to determine the severity of malocclusion among FOT-untreated participants using the index of orthodontic treatment need. Results: The result indicated a significant improvement in dental self-esteem (p = 0.001) as well as the social (p = 0.001) and physical domains (p = 0.001) of oral health-related QoL (OHRQoL) among patients who have undergone FOT. Additionally, patients assessed to possess severe malocclusion significantly reported lower functioning in the physical domain of OHRQoL than those with moderate malocclusion (p = 0.025). Sociodemographic factors, such as age and marital status, also significantly influenced the reported QoL and self-esteem by patients. Conclusion: Overall, the study provided supporting evidence of improvement in OHRQoL and dental self-esteem with FOT.

Aim and background: Diabetes mellitus is a long-term systemic metabolic disorder that can affect oral and overall health, while gingivitis is a clinical condition characterised by gum inflammation. Diabetes and gingivitis have a significant impact on a considerable number of people globally, leading to public health concerns. Chronic diabetes profoundly impacts gingivitis. Increased inflammation, reduced immune function, delayed wound healing, and persistent hyperglycaemia promote the growth of microbes that make people with diabetes susceptible to gingivitis. Bangladesh has encountered substantial obstacles in addressing health disparities, particularly between rural and urban regions. The study explores the intricate relationship between gingivitis and diabetes, including their reciprocal effects. Materials and methods: This study examined a sample of 510 community members who participated, and 415 met the inclusion criteria by focusing on certain periodontal outdoor patients at medical colleges and dental clinics in Dhaka and Chattagram districts aged 35–70 years. The interviews obtained initial data using a standardised questionnaire. The selected group had diabetes with or without gingivitis. An observational study was conducted to assess diabetic patients in both urban and rural areas. Every checkup examined the diabetes blood profile of the patients and assessed a detailed oral examination, taking into account factors such as probing pocket depths and tooth attachment. Socio-economic characteristics, anthropometric characteristics, and consumption habits data were also used to determine the patient's dietary diversity. The relationship between gingivitis and diabetes was examined using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Of the total participants, 92.8% exhibited symptoms of gingivitis. In contrast, 7.2% of participants showed no symptoms. Gingivitis was 4.735 times more prevalent in men (p = 0.009) and had a significant gingival index (p = 0.009) after adjusting for confounding variables; gingivitis impact is significantly associated with diabetes duration (p = 0.001), residence in rural areas (p = 0.001), blood glucose levels (p = 0.035), and dentist visits (p = 0.021); moreover, gingivitis decreased by 81.7% with insulin administration (p < 0.001). In contrast, education and gingival colour do not affect gingivitis. Conclusion: The present findings indicate a notable correlation between diabetes and an elevated prevalence of gingivitis in rural areas. This study suggests periodontal care for chronic diabetes.

The development of immunotherapy has revealed a new era of opportunity for the treatment of cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, a modality which uses the body's immune system to fight cancer, is a groundbreaking approach to treating diseases that have long resisted standard medical care. First proposed as a theoretical concept in the late 1980s, CAR-T-cell therapy has since developed into a complex therapeutic approach. It can potentially revolutionise cancer treatment by eliminating tumours using genetically modified T-cells that express artificial receptors that target tumour-specific antigens. The increasing clinical success of CAR-T-cell therapy, namely in the management of haematological malignancies like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and some lymphoma subtypes, has brought this modality to the forefront of translational clinical research. Despite its effectiveness, it is not without its own set of difficulties. Hence, it is imperative to thoroughly analyse the current state of engineered T-cell therapy and identify areas of enhancement. This essay seeks to explore the involuted mechanics and ways to overcome the roadblocks presented by conventional CAR-T-cell therapy, with an emphasis on the use of CAR-T-cells in solid tumours to harness their full potential. This would elucidate the potential of paradigm change in cancer treatment in the future.

Aim and background: Zygomatico-coronoid ankylosis (ZCA) is a rare condition caused by fibrous or bony adhesion between the zygoma and coronoid process, which reduces normal mandibular movements, mostly of traumatic origin. In this case report, we aim to provide points on surgical management and the importance of postoperative physiotherapy. Case description: This report presents a case of a 34-year-old male with an operated zygomatico-maxillary complex (ZMC) fracture resulting in complete restriction of mouth opening. A computed tomography scan showed a unified bony mass between the zygoma and coronoid process. Surgical removal of the ankylosis was performed via a combined intraoral and conservative preauricular approach and contralateral coronoidectomy. Aggressive physiotherapy achieved a mouth opening of 38 mm at the 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: Our surgical resection technique of the ankylotic mass, which combined an intraoral and a conservative preauricular approach with early joint mobilization by aggressive physiotherapy, produced good functional and aesthetic results. Clinical significance: Surgical resection through an intra-oral and a conservative pre-auricular approach should be considered and if the zygomatico-coronoid ankylotic mass is moderately large and in long-standing cases a contralateral coronoidectomy may need to be performed to get adequate mouth opening. Aggressive postoperative physiotherapy and regular follow-up are mandatory to prevent re-ankylosis.

Regulation of artificial intelligence in health care and biomedicine adopted by the food and drug administration (FDA), and is based on a well-designed prospective study. The USA and developed countries have a clear regulatory framework to protect people from not being misguided or exploited. As usual, any new development creates attention in resource-poor countries, but the statutory agencies of those countries should ensure the policy and regulatory directives of AI-related health services before introducing them in their own countries, otherwise, the risk of exploration of the common people will be a concern. It also needs clear information regarding the cost-effectiveness of such AI applications in those countries. Secondly, the Intake of milk chocolate is an associated factor of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and should be addressed, especially in the population where T2D is highly prevalent. Thirdly, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that food insecurity is a challenging situation in child health globally today, and this situation is increasing in many countries irrespective of socio-economic status, and that needs to be addressed as well.