Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder experienced by teenage girls between the ages of 11 and 15 years, characterised by physical and emotional symptoms. The prevalence of PMS worldwide varies from 20 to 90%. Premenstrual syndrome can affect physical, emotional and psychological well-being, impacting their daily activities and overall quality of life. Premenstrual syndrome can lead to depression, anxiety and cardiovascular disease in the long run. Materials and methods: One hundred female students aged 13–18 years from private schools in Delhi were included in the study. Data were collected using a premenstrual symptom screening tool for adolescents and a physical activity questionnaire. Results: The results show a prevalence of regular physical activity in 15.2%, no physical activity at all in 21.2% and 34.3% showed physical activity sometimes. The study also found a negative correlation between physical activity and PMS (r = –0.04). Conclusion: The study concludes there is a higher incidence of PMS in less physically active teenage girls.

Premenopausal women show a very usual symptom of abnormal bleeding. Its definition is as follows: uterine bleeding is when the frequency, duration, and amount of bleeding are very high. Due to this bleeding, a woman's psychological well-being is disturbed, and the quality of life is hindered. It is associated with poor health, decreased productivity, and financial loss. These are the most common types of tumours that are present in women. Around 2–3% of the women face infertility issues due to these fibroids. Premenopausal women have a very usual symptom showing a type of tumour that is benign. Abnormal uterine bleeding is a vast spectrum, which requires correct diagnosis and proper treatment. Multiple modalities are available, but the best option is surgery.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease in your windpipe, it occurs when your windpipe gets obstructed or narrowed down by some of your lung-related problems. Many conditions may cause COPD in you, such as you may have chronic bronchitis: When the inner layer of your lung tree and its branches (bronchi) are irritated by an infection or another external cause, such as smoking or just, your lung will release an amount of mucus (thin jelly-like oily substances), and that may block your windpipe (trachea). You may have emphysema: When small lung spaces look like bee-hive (lung alveoli) have a problem. The lung alveoli have a role in passing your filtered blood with a good amount of oxygen to distribute into your entire body, which is pumped out by your healthy heart. If you are suffering from emphysema, and your lung alveoli cannot continue that job sufficiently, then you are in trouble. This may lead to COPD. The educational leaflet may help you determine what you need to do when suffering from COPD. You may have chronic asthma: Sometimes you may experience permanent obstacles in your windpipe due to repeated asthma, and you are suffering for quite a long time. Therefore, if any of the above conditions in your lungs are detected as COPD, this leaflet will help you.

(1) This Brazil-based study on the cost-effective issue of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) about disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) is appreciated, but we don't know whether or not the cost of US$242 per DALYs is a cost-effective model for all resources in poor countries because the individual countries have their own different economic indices, which may not be applicable to the same model for all. It will need to check the situation in individual countries to set the TPT initiative. (2) Flu-like symptoms and pus-filled skin lesions are usually the clinical manifestation of Monkey Pox (mpox). This month, WHO declared mpox a global public health emergency. An outbreak has happened in the Democratic Republic of Congo with a new version of mpox, i.e., clade 1b. Certainly, there is a potential threat of cross-border transmission (human-to-human) of this infection. WHO has arranged funding to disburse among the member-state countries suffering from the outbreak. In the United Kingdom, there are a few cases have been reported. We must be vigilant to avoid any outbreak of this infection. (3) It is a challenge for all countries to deliver their primary health services (PHS) for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) today. On this challenge, a study using the convergent mix method was carried out. In this study, the contextual factors were well-identified in low or middle-income countries (LMIC) located in East Asia and Pacific, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean countries, including less-well-off population groups, located within high-income countries. The outcome was measured by collating data from 84 similar studies. The study recommends that individual countries will require a consistent strategy to strengthen their public health care (PHC) system to improve their NCDs.